India and Pakistan signed a total of 44 bilateral agreements between 1947 and 2017. Contract A is considered to be interwoven under contract B (or has a connection with it) if it explicitly refers to the old contract in its text. A relationship is considered institutionalized cooperation when the total number of relations is equal to or greater than the total number of bilateral agreements between the two states. This is considered to be ad hoc cooperation when the total number of relations is less than the total number of bilateral agreements between the two states. Thus, if we divide the number of contracts by the number of contracts, we can determine the degree of institutionalized cooperation within the Dyades. After the end of the war, the two countries concluded a number of treaties to address bilateral relations, including the pioneering Simla Agreement of 1972. The two countries have also signed contracts for the resumption of trade, suspension of visa requirements and resumption of telegraph and postal exchanges. When India and Pakistan attempted to re-establish diplomatic and functional relations after the Second World War between them, they created a series of interlocking treaties. Although the treaty network has not reduced or eliminated cross-border violence between India and Pakistan, it shows the ability of states to find areas of cooperation that can ultimately spread to other issues, the improving mutual cooperation. For example, when the international conflict developed, India and Pakistani diplomats held joint talks to allow Indian pilgrims access to the Kartarpur Sikh Shrine in Pakistan.

Attempts to renew dialogue between the two nations were greatly strengthened by the meeting of the two Prime Ministers in Lahore in February 1999 and the signing of three agreements. After a brief thaw after the election of new governments in both countries, the bilateral debate stopped again after the Pathankot attack in 2016. [5] In September 2016, 19 Indian army soldiers were killed in a terrorist attack on an Indian military base in Indian Kashmir, the deadliest in years. India`s claim that the attack was orchestrated by a Pakistani-backed jihadist group was denied by Pakistan, which said the attack was a local response to unrest in the region due to excessive violence by Indian security personnel. The attack sparked a military confrontation beyond the line of control, with an escalation of ceasefire violations and other militant attacks against Indian security forces. Since 2016, continued confrontation, continued terrorist attacks and rising nationalist rhetoric on both sides have led to the collapse of bilateral relations without them recovering. [6] [7] Following the Pulwama bombing in 2019, the Indian government stripped Pakistan of the trade status of the most favoured nation it had granted to Pakistan in 1996. [8] India also increased the customs obligation to 200%, which affected Pakistan`s clothing and cement trade. [Citation required] India has repeatedly proposed extending the agreement to non-civilian and economic objectives, but Pakistan has consistently rejected these proposals.